Faculty Evaluation System Essay Example for Free

Faculty Evaluation System Essay A faculty evaluation system which is installed in our college is of great use to evaluate the faculty performance and their self development in the process. The value added system installed in place takes input of various feedbacks given not only by the students but also by the other faculties. The various feedbacks and advises are capitalized upon for deciding merit of the faculty. It overall encourages the faculties and ensures better focus towards research and development. The faculty evaluation system takes into account the following: 1. It evaluates the faculties on their performance, their integrity, their adherence to rules and regulations, their publication of journals and contribution towards research papers. 2. The feedbacks are in various forms, more likely in areas syllabus coverage, innovation, analysis, case study approaches, behavior and attitude (Bowers, 2005). 3. The various suggestions and feedbacks would ensure a change in the trait of the person for the betterment of the individual and the society at large. The astonishing fact is the acceptance of the system in the college as it not only fosters development but ensures innovation and making of a leader in every being. The analysis of the feedbacks is evaluated to a large extent by the system and the data evaluation is done quite well. The special feature is the trend analysis for the performance of the faculty and the very graph of performance is taken up. The system is designed in a very well coordinated manner for fetching large scale analysis of the various developments and ensures that right tracking is made possible (Arreola, 2003). References/Bibliography Arreola, A Raoul (2003). Developing a Comprehensive Faculty Evaluation System, Educational Psychology from Arizona State University. Bowers K. John (2005). Issues in Developing a Faculty Evaluation System. Retrieved 16, January 2009 from http://www. springerlink. com/index/X712557731J2WN54. pdf.

Illegal Immigrants in The United States Essay -- Mexican immigrants, i

For many years, people from all over the world have come to the United States seeking a better life for themselves, their spouse, their children and even their children's children. However, not every immigrant comes into this country legally and many of these illegal immigrants are poor, uneducated and may be carrying contagious diseases. They may arrive here via human trafficking, smuggling or other methods. There is one thing we know for sure that many of them choose to remain silence when they become victims. The three main reasons they become invisible victims are they are not aware they are victimized, they don't know the right way to ask for help and they are afraid to be fired or even deported. Illegal immigrants in the United States usually come from less developed countries or at least poorly developed regions of these countries. These illegal immigrants carry a totally different knowledge of culture, legal system and human rights when they came into this country. The most these people are victimized is when they are working, sometimes, these people can't even realized when they have become victims. Because of their status, illegal immigrants, it is very rare that they can find good positions in considerably big companies to start with. Usually, small businesses will take the risk to hire illegal immigrants, sometimes it may be because of these small businesses are trying to help those illegal immigrants who share same nationality with them, but, for most of the time, these undocumented migrant workers are much cheaper and easier to manipulate. Most illegal immigrants consider working for people who share the same nationality with them, because of language issues. When this happens, highly li... ...to provide their children a better future; some of them end up here because of human trafficking or smuggling, so they need to work hard to pay their debt. No matter what the reason is, they can't afford to lose their job or be deported back to their own country. Most of these illegal immigrants are carrying too much weight on their shoulders. Most problems are not big deals comparing to lose a job, because they believe that as long as they can keep their jobs for living in this country, there is a hope to become legal one day. Illegal immigrants victims are invisible, because they are not aware of their situation, they don't know to get help or they are afraid to be fired and deported. No matter what reasons are causing them invisible, one thing we know for sure is that these reasons are giving other people opportunities to hurt illegal immigrants.

Leadership: Invictus Movie Report Essay

Clint Eastwood, with his movie Invictus, notches another success which uses a rugby championship as a means for examining South Africa’s transition from apartheid. Two characters are highlighted: Nelson Mandela (played by Morgan Freeman) the new president of South Africa (1994-1999) and the captain of the Springboks, Franà §ois Pienaar (played by Matt Damon). After being locked up for 27 years, Nelson Mandela returns to politics. He symbolizes the new South Africa in which Black and White have the same rights, and the same opportunities. Mandela is calm and confident, but fully aware that his country could erupt into political violence with the least provocation. Mandela’s strategy is to embrace his opposition, a tactic that distances him from his core supporters. But some of his fellow compatriots disagree with that. The main example is when the chief of his bodyguards, who asked more men, refuses to work with the white bodyguards of the former president Frederik de Klerk. Part of being a great leader is setting your organization on a new course well before anyone else can see it. At that moment in the movie Nelson Mandela surprises his bodyguard by showing integrity and by saying: â€Å"The Rainbow Nation starts here. Reconciliation starts here. Forgiveness starts here too.† Black people think that they will get revenge from all the persecutions and all the acts of racism. But Nelson Mandela as their leader has already a new plan for his Nation: gather these two populations and create a modern country without racism. To achieve his goal he uses the white population symbol, the Springboks team, as the key factor. He demonstrates here his ability of visioning. Since South Africa is hosting the 1995 World Cup, Mandela throws his support behind the Springboks, who are representing the country. Those who don’t oppose the sport’s racist undertones have little regard for the team’s ability to compete on a world stage. Nelson Mandela uses the rugby team to change mentalities. The president wants the team to be good enough to impress other rugby nations. However it’s composed by a majority of white players who don’t care about Nelson Mandela’s plan, except for one, Franà §ois Pienaar. Pienaar is the captain of the Springboks, and has a role of leader. He wants to inspire his teammates with the use of the right techniques. â€Å"How do we get them to be better then they think they can be? That is very difficult, I find. Inspiration perhaps. How do we inspire ourselves to greatness when nothing less will do? How do we inspire everyone around us? I sometimes think it is by using the work of others.† Nelson Mandela, with these words, wants Pienaar to lead by examples and to become a source of inspiration for his teammates but also for his nation. Mandela says some of the most powerful words to achieve convincing Pienaar â€Å"This country is hungry for greatness†. Black people want to change the name of the rugby team, but Mandela shows up at the committee meeting. Mandela explains that removing the name and colors would merely reinforce the fears of the country’s white minority. Besides, he has a bigger plan: to turn a symbol of apartheid into a unifying force. Brenda Mazibuko knows that’s a risky move and she confesses her thoughts to the president â€Å"You’re risking your political capital, you’re risking your future as our leader.† Great leaders make the right choice, even when it is not the most popular one. A popular choice is what the crowd wants, what they understand. That’s why Mandela goes against the unanimity to impose his opinion, and he is not afraid of doing so: â€Å"The day I am afraid to do that is the day I am no longer fit to lead† Nelson Mandela’s answer to Mazibuko’s fear. He accepts his responsibilities and changes the majority’s opinion, especially when he talks about â€Å"Our enemy†, when he emphasis the importance of rugby for Afrikaners. â€Å"You elected me as your leader. Let me lead you now†. Franà §ois Pienaar receives the message loud and clear and tries to inspire his teammates by asking them to learn the new national anthem, by visiting Mandela’s cell, by taking them all over the country to play with black children. Some of them don’t want to go there and don’t want to learn this anthem. Pienaar has one sentence that impacts people minds: â€Å"Times change, we need to change as well†. That’s the start of this new fighting spirit that leads the Springboks to the World cup championship game. In this movie we have the feeling Pienaar learns from a great leader, Mandela, and he gets how to be one in the last game. All the team is defeated. The Springboks don’t succeed to stop Lomu, the best New Zealand player. Pienaar takes his responsibilities and leads the others to victory. â€Å"Come boys. What the heck are we doing? Lomu is killing us. Forwards, we must start scrumming. We must disrupt them at the first phase. Can’t allow Lomu to get the ball in space. He’s freaking killing us. But listen, if Lomu gets the ball, whoever’s there†¦ James, Joost†¦ hit the fucking guy, hold onto him, hold him. Help will come, help will be there. He may break my arm. He may break my leg. He may break my neck. But he is not going to get past me.â€Å" Franà §ois Pienaar becomes what Mandela was expecting him to be before the World Cup. He is the captain of the new symbol of South Africa. He has not only inspired his teammates but also all the white population. He is now an example for everyone. Francois’ last speech is an inspirational one. During the final game against New Zealand, Pienaar impresses his teammates with his communication skills and his energy. â€Å"Heads up! Look in my eyes. Do you hear? Listen to your country! Seven minutes. Seven minutes. Defense! Defense! This is it! This is our destiny! Kom Bokke.† These few words go way beyond the game. It’s not a normal game. He wants to help his new family, Mandela’s family which is composed of 42 million people. And they both achieve building this rainbow nation.

The Evolution Of Nursing Profession - 1843 Words

The Evolution of Nursing The concept of specialty nursing evolve from the profession role of registered nurse as a result of changes in the healthcare demand for more knowledge focus and need for advance nursing education. Nursing profession has evolved thru out history to specialty focus area to meet this demand. Many of these specialties have resulted in, recognition, explanation and growth that had made and impact on the health care needs. For example many of these specialties has evolved with time to incorporate certification exam and graduate degree in nursing, even as of today many specialty are evolving into doctorial educated level such as DNP. Hemic discuss that as each specialty evolves it goes thru different stages that involve define it and forming organization and introducing evidence. Hemic discuss the stage of development as dynamic and at times may not mature exclusive, and some might show characteristic of more than one stage at the same time. For example there are 4 stage of development of specialty into advance practice nurse ( ). Due to healthcare need for specialty some specialty has shown to evolve differently from that of APN. Nursing informatics is a nursing specialty that has shown to evolve differently from that of an APN. There are several key difference has been found in the evolution of NI and APN. The future goals and vision in relation to trends and needs in healthcare has been shown to impact the evolution of NI. NI evolved as a result ofShow MoreRelatedThe Effects of Media in Nursing Evolution1207 Words   |  5 Pages The Effect of Media in the Nursing Evolution The Effect of Media in Nursing Evolution The media has played a huge role in the evolution of nursing. Its influence has been both positive and negative. I have chosen to research this subject because of the negative results and feedback that I will provide throughout this paper. This negative influence is directly affecting the number of people that are deciding to pursue nursing as a career. In a study of students in gradesRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Field Of Nursing Essay1306 Words   |  6 Pagesnone as much as the nursing field. There is no question or doubt that in the next years to come that there will be additional changes and development in the field of nursing. Nursing has now evolved to become an â€Å"art and a science.† The purpose of this paper is to discuss the impact on the evolution of nursing, changes over the years and the implication on today’s nursing profession. To understand nursing and where it began, it is important to mention a key pioneer in nursing by the name of FlorenceRead MoreThe Importance of Theory1612 Words   |  7 Pagesfound in general nursing units. The intent of this paper is to give a brief history of the evolution of nursing and how the practice of nursing has evolved into a theory based profession. The next section, Benner’s theory, Novice to Expert, will contain an analysis of the key concepts of the theory and how this theory relates to the nursing metaparadigm. The third section will illustrate how Benner’s theory is applied in clinical practice and outline the roles of nurses, nursing leadership and nurseRead MoreThe IOMs Report on the Transforming Dimensions of Nursing908 Words   |  4 PagesThe IOMs Report on the Transforming Dimensions of Nursing Introduction: As a medical community, our knowledge, our practices and our technologies are in a constant state of evolution. While this means that we constantly improve our abilities to treat patients and improve health outcomes, we must also remain abreast of a field that is often changing at a rapid pace. This is a condition which especially applies to nursing professionals, who must navigate the front lines of this fast-paced industryRead MoreHistorical Timelime1152 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction As we glance at the evolution of nursing we begin to realize that the practice of today has been built upon 140 years of research that is responsible for the growth and development of evidenced based practice. This paper will explore several theories from Florence Nightingale to today’s theorist in sequence to visualize the development of our current nursing practice Each theorist has its own unique conceptual model that propels our profession to think differently when applied toRead MoreHistorical Development Nursing Timeline1331 Words   |  6 PagesDevelopment of Nursing Timeline Christopher Vinson NUR/513 January 1, 2015 Historical Development of Nursing The historical development of nursing today is based upon the lives of many, their contributions, sacrifices and experiences. These things brought about renovations in patient care. Different ways of thinking led to research, theories and evidenced based practice. The importance of studying nursing history has led to overall progression of nursing as a profession. In order to fullyRead MoreThe History of Nursing Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesHistory of Nursing Many people believe that Nursing started with Florence Nightingale, however nursing itself dates back to the beginnings of motherhood when nurses were traditionally female. In fact, nursing and medicine have been closely intertwined throughout the ages. The history of nursing has its origins in the care of infants and children, so all mothers were in fact nurses. Gradually an evolution started developing into dedicated caregivers who practiced the art. In fact, nursing has beenRead MoreThe Evolution Of Healthcare During The United States Essay1249 Words   |  5 Pagesstates lack the desired infrastructure. The evolution of healthcare system in USA can be traced back to 1750. The period from 1750 to 1849 is termed as preindustrial period where the care of sick people was primarily handled by families (Brian, 2010). The period of 1850 to 1969 is termed as postindustrial period which reflects the growth of organized medicine and systematic healthcare delivery. The objective of this paper is to discuss the evolution of healthcare in United States in postindustrialRead MoreEducational Preparation For Nursing Education910 Words   |  4 PagesThe modern nursing profession has relied on the evolution of nursing education to shape the knowledge and ideals of its practitioners. However, nursing education was not always at the level and quality it is today. It took the hard work of historical nursing leaders to change the course of nursing education. One of these leaders, May Adelaide Nutting, was instrumental in expanding nursing education during the turn of the 20th century. Her work inspired new ideologies concerning nursing education andRead MoreThe Evolution of Nursing1464 Words   |  6 PagesTHE EVOLUTION OF NURSING Nursing is a profession that can be recalled and accounted for since prehistoric times to now it has since come a long way. In fact in earlier times nursing was only a practice reserved for men. The first nursing school was established in India in about 250 B.C., and only men were permitted to attend because men were viewed to be more pure than women, until the 1800’s when nursing became an organized practice. Should one embark on a research about the history of nursing one

Southwest Baptist University Admissions Costs More

The Unions And The Union - 1317 Words

Employers must respect the role of the union as the only and restricted agent of the employees. Respect between the employer and the union, on behalf of its employees, is the key to a successful relationship. The association between parties must adhere to the employer s exclusive right to manage its operations and to direct its workforces. Both parties must identify and acknowledge their respective rights and obligations under labor and service legislation and, under a cooperative agreement, the rights and duties of the employees covered by this agreement (HR in an Unionized Workplace). Most importantly, the employer must respect the fact that the employees have a right to join and participate in a union This includes the right to†¦show more content†¦Also, in order to foster healthy relationships, both parties should commit to resolving said differences and conflicts in a proactive, collaborative way that embraces the principles of fairness, respect, and dignity. As much as possible, disputes should be resolved between a worker and his or her supervisor at the first instance. An environment of respectful front-line resolution should be the first course of action with third party intervention only used as a last resort when resolution is at a standstill preventing voluntary resolution. The employer must provide fair and viable wages, benefits, and working conditions when compared to competitive workplaces. They must share adequate and up-to-date information with the union to allow the union to represent its members in a fair and thorough manner. The employer must openly listen to the union as the cooperative voice of employees, especially in materials dealing with policy or operational efficiency and effectiveness. They must involve the union in issues where employees may be negatively affected by operational or financial plans. Both parties should work toward establishing and fostering a two-way communication system. They should not only come together to resolve a dispute, but the goal should be to build collaborative strategies toward furthering their mutual goals, providing efficient and

Supply Chain and Inventory Management

Question: Discuss about the Supply Chain and Inventory Management. Answer: Introduction This paper aims to address challenges faced by Brisbane Outdoor Power Centre Company factored by the laissez-faire approach employed by the management to control its purchasing and inventory processes. It evaluates on the efficient processes relevant for use to improve Brisbanes performance by fixing purchasing and inventory department. Upon proposing appropriate inventory processes, it also recommends on the best inventory processes and how they can apply to the company. Brisbane has a full scope in the market which is built on its relation and customer oriented strategies. It offers educative and informative solutions to customers who have problems on the products produced by the company or companies operating on similar commodities (Deshpande, 2012). The company has been enjoying market control advantage against its competitors, a benefit that has impacted positively on its general profit level. However, its operation system is not effectively framed to enable optimal performance and profitability. The current purchasing and inventory management processes used by Brisbane The company has been operating on a conservative system of management. This is evident by the static operation of purchasing and inventory policies implemented by the outgoing CEO. Use of Laissez-faire approach has decentralized responsibilities to different retail managers (Swink et al., 2011). Each retail manager performs management strategies without having a large scope of upward or downward communication between the executives and other relevant stakeholders of the company. This has delinked communication and other important business activities that require unison agreement on their implementation. Each retail center is performing purchase, advocate for willing suppliers and determine qualified supply mechanism on their own. A behavior promoted by sites of location upon which retail centers are based thus experience different customer needs and demand. The company has allowed managers to operate on freedom by doing their work on their own, as well as setting their deadlines. They are partially relevant to support the management on a willing basis with either resources or ideas though it is not a mandatory requirement from the management. Failure to have a collection of processes of different disciplines i.e. supply chain management, demand forecast control and reserve logistics has exposed the company to unbalanced stock maintenance, non-procedural supply chain and poor inventory turn-over (Swink et al., 2001). This is the reason behind the lack of stock in one retail center forces the managerial department to sort for products in other centers stock to maintain a continuous and steady supply. Effective and efficient purchase and inventory management incorporate rational management which puts a target on each departmental heads under CEO watch (Swink et al., 2011). Comparative advantages of the currently used processes by the company The processes used by the company in purchasing and inventory management have the following advantages: Self-motivation; freedom set environment of operation in an organization encourages and motivates individual who believes in themselves and value self-control as a contributor to success. This method unties employees from tied strict rules and guidelines which are always noted by supervisors in charge. It empowers employees who are self intrinsically oriented to perform on their mandate once work guidelines are defined. Such characters perform well by giving their all to the business expectation thus thriving business success 9Naude Weiss, 2011). The maximum satisfaction; laissez- faire approach ensures that one takes an initiative and regulate on it by completing roles or duties on time. Taking control of the tasks given hands a satisfaction ego and consequently, promotes ideological exhaustion. Employees always offer their best to the level of their knowledge and skills to complete such tasks, an action that they believe brings the best out of their understanding. Creation of dynamism; loosely connected organization on the supervisory role offers a dynamic problem solution ability. Employees get a chance to try out things contrary to defined problem-solving procedure. They expound on their thinking towards a situational or any other problems by trying various formulas to tackle the situation. Therefore, they become more productive and creative in ideologies. Disadvantages of used processes by the company Lack of effective cohesion; independent type of operation in the business improves individualism among the employees. It eliminates the ability of employees to operate together by having a point of references in case of a confusing idea. Individuals if left to operate independently, stick to their opinion hence no consensus can accrue in such organizations. Business suffers as a result of ideological differences failing to tally with expectations and objectives set Low-quality work; not all are good at independent operation; some people need leaders who can guide and offer consultations. Such people do not produce the best out of their knowledge and skills thus deter the general performance of business. The quality of the work they can offer while working as a team is better and of the benefit to an organization compared to their produce while working independently. Lack of teamwork; giving employees opportunity to make decisions, and take business initiative on their own develop a tendency of individual manpower where every employee scramble on to win an idea of lead. Consequently, they fail to concentrate on ideas contributed by co-workers in believing that they can tackle a situation of discussion on their own. However, laissez-faire approach has some advantages over other systems of operation; it curtails a long run objectivity of business thus no the best method to apply. Supply chain and inventory management concepts relevant to the efficiency and reductive investment of the company Supply chain and inventory management are interlinked in a way that if appropriately selected no business can experience a loss or management challenges. It is appropriate for Belinda Green to apply a supply chain and inventory processes that is critical in its scope of operation and able to formulate, analyze as well as manage the supply department (Janvier-James, 2012). Appropriate inventory process ensures the provision of security of the stock, efficient and accommodative costs of goods, time bound and continuous inventory turn-over, reliable customer management and a vendor system of the Directorate (Lambert, 2006). These activities enable the business to evaluate its operation costs on a fair cost through which profit margin can be equated to the expenses incurred (Swink et al., 2011). The demonstrated operations management promote a focus on improving processes in the company while supply chain management applies the use of theories, relevant materials, and tools to ensure productive business cohesion. Supply chain being an important infrastructure of production, and relevant process involved in the business process, its definition should incorporate all stakeholders i.e. suppliers, retailers, suppliers, and consumers under the watch of a transformative leadership (Lambert, 2006). Transformative management is a constituent of a rationalized system through which centralization system of decision making is promoted (Lambert, 2006). Centralization in this company can enhance incorporation of various economic agents. The corporation leads to a responsive system ready for any argent need either from consumers or economic environment (Van Weele, 2010). It avoids uncertainty on stock depletion, failure of deadline meetings on tasks and lack of commitment from departmental or retail managers. To improve the performance of Brisbane and create a dynamism system where consultation and a common pool of decision making on product flows, the new CEO must embrace a centralized system of management (Cousins et al., 2008). More often, the system allows upwards and downwards communication raised by juniors to seniors and role dissemination or instruction from the senior employees to juniors (Van Weele, 2010). The most networked supply chain and inventory management bring managers together to discuss on pricing terms which tally with consumers expenditure (Jacobs et al., 2009). Therefore, they end up sharing their personal objectives which may cover along maximization of profit, risks, and integration of conscious objectives targeting environmental factors. Many scholars agree on the facts that an objective inventory management focuses on the stock and how the stock is found and where it is found (Cousins et al., 2008). This is a cornerstone of eliminating wrong purchase orders and wrong items because procedural steps done by specialized as well as designed employees tame all the errors (Frank, 2005). However, in case such problems happen appropriate are remedies are channeled. Evidently, a business can curb supply problems that arise due to lack of enough stock in a given center of retail. A good inventory relevant for Green to implement should incorporate the following procedure; Inception; this a process of identifying the under-performing parameters by evaluating sales, productivity level, the rate of turn-over among others to know the scope of rationalization. After evaluation of the relevant areas related to performance a plan is developed on how failures noticed can be solved (White paper, 2012). Planning; is all about preparing the implantation plan where management, staff responsibility, and benefit measurement criteria are outlined. It enhances the initiation of rationalized management (Lysons Ferrington, 2006). Execution; This where relevant managers are required to sort out problems noticed in their respective departments. It incorporates all senior managers and the CEO authorization. Inventory values and market trends are considered to enable appropriate purchasing process (White paper, 2012). The above-illustrated steps once complied, the management should define roles and responsibility on the criteria of purchase. This is done through a good relation development with the reliable suppliers, analyze the requirements of the materials to be purchased, identify the minimum quantity of stock needed in the store, outline steps on receiving and inspecting supplies and recommend on the maintenance of inventory system. Lastly, there should be a monitoring system on the inventories (Winsner et al., 2009). Monitoring of inventory should be persistence and continuous by assigning a responsible department in charge. An employee in charge is therefore expected to take records of on inventory management by maintaining update record. Recommendations to MS Green on restructuring the purchasing and inventory functions of the company To effectively restructure the systems related to purchase and inventory, I would recommend Green to; strategize on the effective and productive implementation of rationalization system of management in the company. Therein follow the following steps; Reduce the lead time; reducing lead time enhances the faster process of obtaining the supplies hence the quantity of safety stock is reduced. By doing so, the company will tell the effect of each supplier on the holding cost of inventory safety. Improve forecasting accuracy; it is necessary to improve efficiency level of prediction as it benefits the retailer not to stock excess or out of date products to achieve optimum inventory level. Furthermore, it reduces sale loss by enhancing services offered to customers. Optimize on product availability; improving on the products available to consumers correlates positively with the revenue to the company. However, situational outcomes require evaluation on the costs involved in over-stocking. Improve coordination of information; it is important to improve the coordination of information due to transparency benefits realized in the status of stock, demand, and production thereby enable proper planning on emerging issues that can affect the performance of the business. It makes the supply chain reliable and avoids stock depletion. Decrease the minimum order quantity; it reduces the volume of total inventory in the business thereby reduces the costs incurred on the stock. Define and monitor regulatory on a daily basis; regular practice of those activities assist to the available, and accurate information on inventory within the supply chain. Rationalization of management, consistent contact with suppliers, the transformation of retail centers, effective integration of managers and inventory monitoring are appropriate for achieving maximum production of goods and services at affordable costs thereby maximizing customer satisfaction. References Cousins, P., Lamming, R., Lawson, B. Squire, B. (2008). Strategic Supply Management, Principles, Theories and Practices. Essex, England: Pearson Prentice-Hall. Deshpande, A. (2012). Supply chain management dimensions, supply chain performance and organizational performance: An integrated framework. International Journal of Business and Management, 7(8), 2. Frank Dooley (2005). Logistics, Inventory Control, and Supply Chain Management. A Publication of the American Agricultural Economics Association. Jacobs, F.R., Chase, R.B. Aquilano, N.J (2009). Operations and Supply Management. New York: McGraw Hill. Janvier-James, A. M. (2012). A new introduction to supply chains and supply chain management: Definitions and theories perspective. International Business Research, 5(1), 194. Lambert, D.M. (2006). Supply Chain Management: Processes, Partnerships, Performance (2nd Ed.). Saresota, FL: SUPPLY Chain Management Institute. Lysons, K. Farrington, B. (2006). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (7th Ed.). Essex, England: Pearson Education. M.J. Naude J.A. Badenhorst-Weiss (2011). Supply chain management problems at South Africa automotive component manufacturers. Mellat-Parast, M. (2013). Supply chain quality management: An inter-organizational learning perspective. International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, 30(5), 511-529. Preckel, P., Gray, A., Boehlje, M., Kim, S. (2004). Risk and value chains: Participant sharing of risk and rewards. Journal on Chain and Network Science, 4(1), 25-32. SKU Rationalization: A Technique for Inventory Optimization in the Retail Sector. TATA Consultancy Services. White Paper. (2012). Swink, M., Melnyk, S.A., Cooper, M.B. Hartley, J.L. (2011). Managing Operations across the Supply Chain. New York: McGraw-Hill. Van Weele, A.J. (2010). Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (5th Ed.). Hampshire, UK: Cengage Learning. Wisner, J.D., Tan, K. Leong, G.R (2009). Principles of Supply Chain Management: A Balanced Approach (2nd Ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Le